Introduction: The ethical dimensions of agriculture need to be explored, distinguishing between ethics in agriculture and ethics of agriculture. Ethics in agriculture is traditionally based on abstract moral theory, formulated through logical reasoning, but often found inadequate to address the complex ethical challenges within agriculture due to its abstract nature and lack of practical visibility. Conversely, ethics of agriculture is approached within a context-specific FRAMEWORK derived from the research topic with the aim of providing more tailored solutions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is conducted, using a descriptive-analytical approach to provide a conceptual FRAMEWORK for understanding agricultural ethics. Conclusion: The article highlights the critical need for a comprehensive ethical FRAMEWORK to address the multifaceted ethical challenges in the agricultural sector. The importance of analyzing and resolving ethical dilemmas at all stages of agriculture is underscored in order to align practices with human ideals and to ensure ethical decision-making by stakeholders involved in agriculture.

How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative PROCESS and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its authenticity from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

The aim of current fundamental research is designing and explaining of metaheuristic FRAMEWORK of the value creation PROCESS. In this regard, in the first phase, based on the extensive, deep and systematic study of theoretical foundations, 9 dimensions, 27 components and 100 indicators identified as the elements of the above FRAMEWORK. In addition, in the second phase and after implementation of the two-phase fuzzy Delphi technique, according to experts' opinion, among the 100 identified indicators, 68 indicators were refined and confirmed and the appropriateness of dimensions and components confirmed. Finally based on the above two steps, metaheuristic FRAMEWORK of the value creation PROCESS. was developed and explained. In addition, in the second phase, in order to implement a fuzzy Delphi technique, in order to inform the experts, a sample of 30 selected university professors who have a research and writing background in the field of marketing, especially value creation, selected for interview. The results of this study have been helpful in solving theoretical gaps and developing knowledge in the context of the concept of value.

The port and shipping organization (PSO) has aboard activities and execute variety projects such as construction projects, IT projects, research projects and so on. It doesn’t have a unique and integrate approach in project PROCESS. The rules and policies to develop RFP for projects and tenders documents established through PSO senior management unit on macro level. But execution of the projects in organ units of PSO is performed by their technical workers through PROCESS that they are defined in their organ unit.For integration and standardization of projects PROCESS in PSO, it is necessary to identify and define project PROCESS and their interaction. In this paper PSO projects are investigated and grouped in five categories: Construction projects, research projects, IT projects, service projects and utilization projects. Also the PROCESSes for projects management are defined and their interactions are specified. Finally using of determined PROCESS in PSO projects are determined. It can be used as guidelines for PSO projects.

The released software systems still involve some faults, for which debugging becomes necessary. On the one hand, manual software debugging remains an arduous, time-consuming, and expensive task. On the other hand, effective software debugging is organized around motivated and patient developers. In this paper, a novel approach, namely Gamifault, is provided to make debugging more attractive and enjoyable. Particularly, the objective of Gamifault is to make the developer more curious to proceed debugging, that is fault localization and program repair, enthusiastically. To achieve this objective, the concepts and potentials of gamification are adapted to the typical tasks of software debugging. In particular, Gamifault makes use of an existing fault localization technique to determine the likelihood to each statement may be faulty. Based on the likelihood, the developer then attempts to find the exact fault location and fix the fault. Next, Gamifault reacts to the developer with a gamified success rate. That is, it shows the number of test cases that have been passed on the modified program. This PROCESS is repeated until the program passes on every given test case. To evaluate Gamifault, a prototype web-based tool was implemented in Java that targets faulty software programs. Then, 16 developers were asked to employ gamified and non-gamified versions of the tool in their debugging activities on 46 subject programs taken from the Code4Bench suite of programs. Developers could successfully debug 7 and 95 faulty programs using the non-gamified and gamified tools, respectively. In addition, the gamified tool helped developers debug the faulty program in less than two minutes on average. These results suggest that Gamifault offers advantages over existing debugging systems.

Organizations should consider PROCESS improvement for promoting their performance. The main problem is the high volume of PROCESS dataset along with the wide variety of their features that leads to increase the complexity in PROCESS improvement methods. Previous methods cannot improve PROCESSes in a high volume of PROCESS dataset. Data mining approach can support improvement methods by identifying valuable hidden patterns in high volume of PROCESS dataset. In this paper a FRAMEWORK of using data mining techniques for extracting valuable hidden patterns in high volume of PROCESS dataset is developed for presenting the improvement suggestions. In order to evaluate the proposed FRAMEWORK, a real set of PROCESSes along with their features were gathered. After that, using classification, clustering, and features selection algorithms, valuable patterns in high volume of PROCESS dataset were identified. After evaluating these patterns, improvement suggestions were recommended by the identified patterns. The results showed that identified patterns can support PROCESSes improvement activities with recommending the improvement suggestions.